A new report has found that for 2018, the packaged food and beverage food supply in the United States was “ultra-processed and generally unhealthy”.
The Northwestern Medicine study, published this week in the journal Nutrients, found that Americans are over-exposed to products high in calories, saturated fat, sugar and salt.
The study aims to provide new information for consumers, researchers and policymakers to encourage food manufacturers to reformulate or replace unhealthy products.
It also aims to inform the US government on where action may be needed to improve the healthfulness of the US packaged food and beverage supply.
Lead author Abigail Baldridge said: “To say that our food supply is highly processed won’t shock anyone, but it’s important that we hold food and beverage manufacturers accountable by continually documenting how they’re doing in terms of providing healthy foods for consumers.
“And the verdict is they can and should be doing a whole lot better.”
As classified by the NOVA Food Classification System developed at the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil, “ultra-processed food and beverages” is the fourth and final group of foods that “are industrial formulations made entirely or mostly from substances extracted from foods (oils, fats, sugar, starch and proteins).” They are derived from hydrogenated fats and modified starch and are synthesised in laboratories.
The scientists analysed 230,156 products and, using the NOVA classification system, found 71% of products such as bread, salad dressings, snack foods, sweets, sugary drinks and more were ultra-processed.
Among the top 25 manufacturers by sales volume, 86% of products were classified as ultra-processed.
“Bread and bakery products” was the only category consistently among the highest third across all four nutrient categories in terms of nutrient levels (calories, saturated fat, total sugars and sodium).
Compared to other western countries like Australia, the US food supply is similarly healthy but more processed with higher median sugar and sodium content, the study found.
Dietary guidelines are routinely updated, but no such regular surveillance or reporting on what is available on grocery shelves is available to consumers, researchers or policy makers. Changing the food supply must start with properly assessing it, Baldridge said.
“Food and beverage products continuously evolve, and reports like these highlight opportunities to make critical changes within specific manufacturers or product categories to reduce saturated fat, salt and sugars,” said Baldridge, a biostatistician in the department of preventive medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
This evaluation can occur either by manufacturers replacing or reformulating the food and beverage products, Baldridge said.
“Our team has previously shown that breads, in particular, have 12% higher sodium content in the U.S. in comparison to the UK, where national sodium-reduction strategies have contributed to lowering sodium levels in packaged foods,” Baldridge said.
The scientists analysed data collected by local Chicago company Label Insight, which represents more than 80% of all food and beverage products sold in the US over the past three years.
Collecting data on the packaged food and beverage supply is difficult because it is so large and about 20% of packaged foods in the US turn over every year, Baldridge said.
“We need to better capture real-time information of our constantly changing food supply if we’re going to track and improve its healthfulness,” said study co-author Dr Mark Huffman, the Quentin D. Young Professor of Health Policy, associate professor of preventive medicine and medicine at Feinberg and a Northwestern Medicine cardiologist.
To that end, the study team, including researchers at The George Institute for Global Health in Australia, last summer launched the US version of FoodSwitch, a free mobile phone app that allows consumers to scan packaged foods to determine their healthfulness.
If a product doesn’t exist in the app’s 268,000-product database, then the app asks the user to crowdsource the information by uploading photos of its barcode, nutritional label and packaging to update the app’s ever-growing database of foods.